ETA: The greenest cars in Britain - Honda Civic Hybrid wins
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ETA: The greenest cars in Britain - Honda Civic Hybrid wins
ETA: The greenest cars in Britain - Honda Civic Hybrid wins
Thursday 15 March 2007, London: the Environmental Transport Association (ETA) today announces the winners of its 2007 Car Buyers’ Guide, the definitive guide to Britain’s greenest cars, at an awards event at RIBA in Central London hosted by television presenter and broadcaster, Janet Ellis. The results are also published simultaneously on-line at www.eta.co.uk .
The Honda Civic Hybrid takes the top award for the second year running, winning the overall award as well as the award in its own Small Family Car category.
Vauxhall wins the supermini category with its Corsa 1.3 CDTi, also overall runner-up and the Toyota RAV4 5 Door diesel manual rates as the greenest off-road vehicle in Britain. In the Luxury car category the Jaguar XJ 2.7 diesel auto wins again as the greenest choice. The Car Buyers’ Guide highlights winners and losers in a range of categories, rated in terms of power (engine capacity), CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, noise and finally safety (impact on pedestrians).
The Guide also ‘names and shames’ the worst offenders in terms of damage to the environment with Lamborghini taking the double with its Diablo Roadster as worst offender for the third year running, and the brand new Murcielago Roadster, listed as the second worst offender.
“The big problem is not the Lamborghinis because there are not many of them on the road,” explains Andrew Davis, director of the ETA. “The issue is that people are still buying cars that are much too big for their real needs.
“Large off-roaders, like the Jeep Cherokee or the Porsche Cayenne, highlighted as the worst Off-road cars are three times as damaging to the environment as, for example, a Mazda 6, winner in the Large Family Car category. But with congestion charging and even parking charges relating to CO2 emissions the number of off-roaders being purchased during the last year has already declined by 15%.”
The Guide was first published by the ETA in 1992 in response to requests from its growing membership and has since become the environmental benchmark for the car industry and the public, championing the greenest cars in Britain.
"We know that increasing numbers of people want to make informed choices about cars particularly in terms of carbon emissions and the damage caused to the environment,” explains Andrew Davis. “It is not surprising that the winner this year is again the Honda Civic Hybrid. What is more striking is the huge range between the best and worst - the greenest and the least green cars in Britain today.
Manufacturers don't make cars that consumers won't buy. It needs consumer pressure alongside government leadership to help persuade manufacturers to allow us the choice to buy cars that are more environmentally sound."
For the first time this year the ETA has introduced an Innovation Award in order to champion a motor manufacturer that has demonstrated environmental innovation through a new product, or project, or in its production processes. The winner for this first award is Saab for its Bio Power Flex-Fuel Technology. Saab has developed the first production car that runs on E85 bio fuel.
Cars are increasingly an emotional purchase where we are now being asked to consider the cost to the environment alongside style and comfort. The ETA Car Buyers’ Guide provides information on 2,500 models and shows the best buys in every category.
The ETA is the provider of Britain’s only climate neutral automotive breakdown service, and considers helping people to choose which car to drive as one of its most important objectives. Cleaner motoring advice is just a click away with the ETA.
Results highlights attached. For the complete Car Buyers’ Guide visit
www.eta.co.uk
About the ETA
The ETA offers a comprehensive breakdown service across Europe. Their services also include motor insurance, cycle insurance, cycle rescue, travel and house insurance plus vehicle inspection service.
The mission: The aim of the ETA is to be the ethical alternative to other motoring organisations. Through the services above funds are generated for the ETA’s campaigns.
The aims:
To help ETA members and the general public take practical steps in reducing their impact on the environment and to demonstrate that people who make such changes have a better quality of life.
To encourage government at all levels to understand the benefits of doing less but making more impact. ETA transport proposals would reduce the national government’s expenditure on transport to almost zero whilst improving the transport system.
ETA Car Buyers’ Guide Results 2007
Overall winner
Honda Civic Hybrid
Overall Runner-up
Vauxhall Corsa 1.3 CDTi
Innovation Winner
first time this category has been included
Saab for its Bio Power Flex-Fuel Technology
Overall Bottom
Lamborghini Diablo Roadster
Overall 2nd Bottom
Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster
Overall Top Ten Winners
Honda Civic Hybrid
Vauxhall Corsa 1.3 CDTi
Toyota Yaris 1.4 D-4D Manual
Renault Modus 1.2 16V VVT
Daihatsu Sirion M300
Citroen C1 1.1
Toyota Aygo 1.0 Manual
Peugeot 107 Manual
Daihatsu Charade Manual
Fiat Panda 1.3
Overall Worst Performers
Lamborghini Diablo Roadster
Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster
Ferrari Superamerica
Ferrari Scagliatti
Bentley Azure
Bentley Arnage RL
Aston Martin Vanquish
Aston Martin DB9 Manual
Bentley Continental Flying Spur
Ferrari Spider
Category Winners and Runners-up
City
Winner REVA G Wiz electric
Runner-up NICE Mega City electric
Supermini
Winner VAUXHALL Corsa 1.3 CDTi diesel manual
Runner-up TOYOTA Yaris 1.4 D-4D Manual diesel manual
Small family
Winner HONDA Civic Hybrid petrol/electric hybrid
Runner-up TOYOTA Prius petrol/electric hybrid
Large family
Winner MAZDA 6 2.0 4/5 Door Diesel diesel manual
Runner-up VOLVO S40 1.6 Diesel diesel manual
Small MPV
Winner RENAULT Modus 1.2 16V VVT petrol auto
Runner-up FORD Focus C-Max 1.6 Duratorq 109PS diesel manual
Executive
Winner MERCEDES-BENZ E320 225 W211 diesel auto
Runner-up HYUNDAI Sonata 2.0 CRTD Manual diesel manual
MPV
Winner SKODA Roomster 1.4 TDI PD 70bhp diesel manual
Runner-up FORD Galaxy 1.8 Duratorq 100PS diesel manual
Thursday 15 March 2007, London: the Environmental Transport Association (ETA) today announces the winners of its 2007 Car Buyers’ Guide, the definitive guide to Britain’s greenest cars, at an awards event at RIBA in Central London hosted by television presenter and broadcaster, Janet Ellis. The results are also published simultaneously on-line at www.eta.co.uk .
The Honda Civic Hybrid takes the top award for the second year running, winning the overall award as well as the award in its own Small Family Car category.
Vauxhall wins the supermini category with its Corsa 1.3 CDTi, also overall runner-up and the Toyota RAV4 5 Door diesel manual rates as the greenest off-road vehicle in Britain. In the Luxury car category the Jaguar XJ 2.7 diesel auto wins again as the greenest choice. The Car Buyers’ Guide highlights winners and losers in a range of categories, rated in terms of power (engine capacity), CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, noise and finally safety (impact on pedestrians).
The Guide also ‘names and shames’ the worst offenders in terms of damage to the environment with Lamborghini taking the double with its Diablo Roadster as worst offender for the third year running, and the brand new Murcielago Roadster, listed as the second worst offender.
“The big problem is not the Lamborghinis because there are not many of them on the road,” explains Andrew Davis, director of the ETA. “The issue is that people are still buying cars that are much too big for their real needs.
“Large off-roaders, like the Jeep Cherokee or the Porsche Cayenne, highlighted as the worst Off-road cars are three times as damaging to the environment as, for example, a Mazda 6, winner in the Large Family Car category. But with congestion charging and even parking charges relating to CO2 emissions the number of off-roaders being purchased during the last year has already declined by 15%.”
The Guide was first published by the ETA in 1992 in response to requests from its growing membership and has since become the environmental benchmark for the car industry and the public, championing the greenest cars in Britain.
"We know that increasing numbers of people want to make informed choices about cars particularly in terms of carbon emissions and the damage caused to the environment,” explains Andrew Davis. “It is not surprising that the winner this year is again the Honda Civic Hybrid. What is more striking is the huge range between the best and worst - the greenest and the least green cars in Britain today.
Manufacturers don't make cars that consumers won't buy. It needs consumer pressure alongside government leadership to help persuade manufacturers to allow us the choice to buy cars that are more environmentally sound."
For the first time this year the ETA has introduced an Innovation Award in order to champion a motor manufacturer that has demonstrated environmental innovation through a new product, or project, or in its production processes. The winner for this first award is Saab for its Bio Power Flex-Fuel Technology. Saab has developed the first production car that runs on E85 bio fuel.
Cars are increasingly an emotional purchase where we are now being asked to consider the cost to the environment alongside style and comfort. The ETA Car Buyers’ Guide provides information on 2,500 models and shows the best buys in every category.
The ETA is the provider of Britain’s only climate neutral automotive breakdown service, and considers helping people to choose which car to drive as one of its most important objectives. Cleaner motoring advice is just a click away with the ETA.
Results highlights attached. For the complete Car Buyers’ Guide visit
www.eta.co.uk
About the ETA
The ETA offers a comprehensive breakdown service across Europe. Their services also include motor insurance, cycle insurance, cycle rescue, travel and house insurance plus vehicle inspection service.
The mission: The aim of the ETA is to be the ethical alternative to other motoring organisations. Through the services above funds are generated for the ETA’s campaigns.
The aims:
To help ETA members and the general public take practical steps in reducing their impact on the environment and to demonstrate that people who make such changes have a better quality of life.
To encourage government at all levels to understand the benefits of doing less but making more impact. ETA transport proposals would reduce the national government’s expenditure on transport to almost zero whilst improving the transport system.
ETA Car Buyers’ Guide Results 2007
Overall winner
Honda Civic Hybrid
Overall Runner-up
Vauxhall Corsa 1.3 CDTi
Innovation Winner
first time this category has been included
Saab for its Bio Power Flex-Fuel Technology
Overall Bottom
Lamborghini Diablo Roadster
Overall 2nd Bottom
Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster
Overall Top Ten Winners
Honda Civic Hybrid
Vauxhall Corsa 1.3 CDTi
Toyota Yaris 1.4 D-4D Manual
Renault Modus 1.2 16V VVT
Daihatsu Sirion M300
Citroen C1 1.1
Toyota Aygo 1.0 Manual
Peugeot 107 Manual
Daihatsu Charade Manual
Fiat Panda 1.3
Overall Worst Performers
Lamborghini Diablo Roadster
Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster
Ferrari Superamerica
Ferrari Scagliatti
Bentley Azure
Bentley Arnage RL
Aston Martin Vanquish
Aston Martin DB9 Manual
Bentley Continental Flying Spur
Ferrari Spider
Category Winners and Runners-up
City
Winner REVA G Wiz electric
Runner-up NICE Mega City electric
Supermini
Winner VAUXHALL Corsa 1.3 CDTi diesel manual
Runner-up TOYOTA Yaris 1.4 D-4D Manual diesel manual
Small family
Winner HONDA Civic Hybrid petrol/electric hybrid
Runner-up TOYOTA Prius petrol/electric hybrid
Large family
Winner MAZDA 6 2.0 4/5 Door Diesel diesel manual
Runner-up VOLVO S40 1.6 Diesel diesel manual
Small MPV
Winner RENAULT Modus 1.2 16V VVT petrol auto
Runner-up FORD Focus C-Max 1.6 Duratorq 109PS diesel manual
Executive
Winner MERCEDES-BENZ E320 225 W211 diesel auto
Runner-up HYUNDAI Sonata 2.0 CRTD Manual diesel manual
MPV
Winner SKODA Roomster 1.4 TDI PD 70bhp diesel manual
Runner-up FORD Galaxy 1.8 Duratorq 100PS diesel manual
#2
Off-road
Winner TOYOTA RAV4 5 Door diesel manual
Runner-up FIAT Sedici 1.6 petrol manual
Luxury
Winner JAGUAR XJ 2.7 diesel auto
Runner-up MERCEDES-BENZ S320 W220 diesel auto
Sports
Winner VAUXHALL Tigra 1.3 diesel manual
Runner-up SMART Roadster 80bph 205 tyres petrol auto
Innovation Winner
Winner SAAB Bio Power Flex-Fuel Technology
Runner-up MAZDA Paint Process
Worst performers
Overall
Worst overall Lamborghini Diablo Roadster petrol manual
Second worst Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster petrol manual
City
Worst overall Ford Ka 1.6 Duratec Sportka petrol manual
Second worst Volkswagen Fox 1.4 petrol manual
Supermini
Worst overall Mini R52 Cooper S Convertible Automatic petrol auto
Second worst Peugeot 206 2.0 GTI petrol manual
Small family
Worst overall Audi A3 Sportsback S line 3.2 Quattro QM6 petrol manual
Second worst Volkswagen Golf R2 V6 Manual 5 Door petrol manual
Large family
Worst overall BMW 3 Series M3 Convertible SMG petrol manual
Second worst Volkswagen Passat W8 QMS Estate petrol manual
Small MPV
Worst overall Mercedes Benz Viano 3.5 Low Roof petrol auto
Second worst Vauxhall Zafira 2.0i 16v Turbo VXR petrol manual
Executive
Worst overall BMW 5 Series M5 petrol manual
Second worst Mercedes Benz CLS AMG petrol auto
MPV
Worst overall Cadillac SRX 3.6 petrol auto
Second worst Audi Allroad 4.2 petrol auto
Off-road
Worst overall Porsche Cayenne S Manual petrol auto
Second worlst Jeep Grand Cherokee 5.71 petrol auto
Luxury
Worst overall Bentley Azure petrol auto
Second worst Bentley Arnage RL petrol auto
Sports
Worst overall Lamborghini Diablo Roadster petrol manual
Second worst Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster petrol manual
Vehicle Categories
City - Tiny car with four seats or less for example Smart car, Fiat Panda
Supermini - Small car but roomier interior for example a Vauxhall Corsa
Small family - The most popular category of car, suitable for most families for example Honda Civic, Volkswagen Golf
Large family - Suitable for larger families or if you need that extra leg room/storage space for example Toyota Prius, Peugeot 407
Small MPV - High-roofed vehicle with flexible seating/storage and high driving position for enhanced visibility for example Ford Focus C-Max,
Executive - High quality features and premium comfort for long-distance driving, often used as company car for example Honda Accord, Audi A6
MPV - People carrier up to seven seats with high roof, lots of storage space/flexible seating and high driving position for enhanced visibility for example Volkswagen Touran, Renault Espace
Off-road - Off-road vehicle for country living for example Daihatsu Terios, Land Rover
Luxury - All the mod-cons, no expenses spared, gas guzzling status symbol for example BMW 7-series, Jaguar XJ series
Sports - High speed, high risk, high emission often fuel-thirsty coupes, roadsters and sport vehicles for example Lamborghini, Audi TT,
Criteria for comparison and ranking
This year we have increased the range of models from many manufacturers but crucially, have only included those new cars that meet the Euro IV Directive on emissions. In all, the guide lists over 2,500 cars and includes most model types.
In addition to the table of detailed information on each car, we have provided a ranking system designed to take account of the overall performance of the cars featured. The Car Buyers' Guide ranks the best cars in each category on the new car market today. Each car is given a points score on which the star rating is based. The methodology we have used is based on a statistical combination of the following factors:
1. power (engine capacity),
2. carbon dioxide emissions,
3. fuel consumption (urban cold cycle),
4. noise and safety (impact on pedestrians).
For the purposes of the points system each factor is statistically modified to have an average of fifty and a similar standard deviation; this is to ensure that each factor has balanced weight in the final figure.
The methodology used produces points for every model in the list. The points are relative, not absolute. A different selection of models would produce different points. However, the order would in almost all scenarios remain the same. Therefore, as the list changes over time, and the general performance improves, a model that had not improved would lose points because its relative performance had declined.
The data applies to new cars only. As cars become older their performance changes, depending on wear and tear and the level of maintenance. Older versions of the models listed will tend to give poorer results but a well-cared for and maintained older car is likely to be less polluting than a poorly maintained newer car.
The top worst cars are the worst cars overall and the list does not show the worst cars from a range of categories. Where there are two similar models, only one is shown for the purposes of the top ten.
Power (engine capacity) The relationship between the size of the engine and its power vary remarkably in the guide. Diesel engines generally produce less power for each unit of capacity (cm3) but even among the petrol engines there is a wide range of power for the same capacity.
Carbon dioxide emissions Although CO2 is not a health-damaging gas, it is the main cause of climate change and arguably the single biggest pollution threat that humankind faces today.
Fuel consumption (urban cold cycle) There are two test cycles listed in the guide. Urban cold cycle is based on a car from a cold start, that is, the measurement begins as soon as the engine starts. We use the cold start measure for the ranking because the vast majority of journeys are short and urban.
Noise In towns and rural areas alike there is an almost constant background of traffic noise. The noise category measures the noise cars make as they pass by at 50km/h. It is useful to remember that the unit of noise is logarithmic, each point increase representing a 100% increase in sound. Most rural noise is now tyre noise and manufacturers could provide much quiet tyres if we, as consumers, specified them at purchase.
Safety Euro NCAP measurements based on child and adult pedestrian safety where impacts occur at 40kph (25 mph). Pedestrian rating (old) = Test and rating procedure applied up to 31 December 2001. Pedestrian rating = More stringent test and rating procedure adopted for cars tested from 1 January 2002. Because of the changes to the pedestrian testing and rating procedure, the old pedestrian rating cannot be compared with the new pedestrian rating.
The ETA Motoring Innovation Award
Criteria for entry:
The innovation could be:
- An idea
- A demonstration of a new type of product or process
- A new product sold into or process used for the retail market
- The application of a slightly old innovation in a mainstream model or range
The award could be valid for a new:
- product offering
- technological development,
- industrial process
- logistics progress
- sales and marketing innovation
- desegregation facility or process
The project could be in any of the following areas:
Safety
Crash testing developments
Prevention through design
Implementation of safer design to reduce the likelihood impacting a pedestrian or other vulnerable road user or reducing damage after impact
Product Environment
materials used in the cabin to avoid complex fumes
Noxious gas reduction
Climate change gas reduction
Drive train development
Fuel usage development
Industrial Process
Solvent reduction
Trace metal reduction
Containment/elimination of contamination
Water saving/recycling
Logistics
Type of shipping used
Reduction of pollution produced during the shipping process
Management of parts and packaging
Sales and marketing
Environmental emphasis across marketing media
Ensuring model/customer fit (tight supply chains and no stocks)
Recycling
Dismantling/desegregation facilities
Winner TOYOTA RAV4 5 Door diesel manual
Runner-up FIAT Sedici 1.6 petrol manual
Luxury
Winner JAGUAR XJ 2.7 diesel auto
Runner-up MERCEDES-BENZ S320 W220 diesel auto
Sports
Winner VAUXHALL Tigra 1.3 diesel manual
Runner-up SMART Roadster 80bph 205 tyres petrol auto
Innovation Winner
Winner SAAB Bio Power Flex-Fuel Technology
Runner-up MAZDA Paint Process
Worst performers
Overall
Worst overall Lamborghini Diablo Roadster petrol manual
Second worst Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster petrol manual
City
Worst overall Ford Ka 1.6 Duratec Sportka petrol manual
Second worst Volkswagen Fox 1.4 petrol manual
Supermini
Worst overall Mini R52 Cooper S Convertible Automatic petrol auto
Second worst Peugeot 206 2.0 GTI petrol manual
Small family
Worst overall Audi A3 Sportsback S line 3.2 Quattro QM6 petrol manual
Second worst Volkswagen Golf R2 V6 Manual 5 Door petrol manual
Large family
Worst overall BMW 3 Series M3 Convertible SMG petrol manual
Second worst Volkswagen Passat W8 QMS Estate petrol manual
Small MPV
Worst overall Mercedes Benz Viano 3.5 Low Roof petrol auto
Second worst Vauxhall Zafira 2.0i 16v Turbo VXR petrol manual
Executive
Worst overall BMW 5 Series M5 petrol manual
Second worst Mercedes Benz CLS AMG petrol auto
MPV
Worst overall Cadillac SRX 3.6 petrol auto
Second worst Audi Allroad 4.2 petrol auto
Off-road
Worst overall Porsche Cayenne S Manual petrol auto
Second worlst Jeep Grand Cherokee 5.71 petrol auto
Luxury
Worst overall Bentley Azure petrol auto
Second worst Bentley Arnage RL petrol auto
Sports
Worst overall Lamborghini Diablo Roadster petrol manual
Second worst Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster petrol manual
Vehicle Categories
City - Tiny car with four seats or less for example Smart car, Fiat Panda
Supermini - Small car but roomier interior for example a Vauxhall Corsa
Small family - The most popular category of car, suitable for most families for example Honda Civic, Volkswagen Golf
Large family - Suitable for larger families or if you need that extra leg room/storage space for example Toyota Prius, Peugeot 407
Small MPV - High-roofed vehicle with flexible seating/storage and high driving position for enhanced visibility for example Ford Focus C-Max,
Executive - High quality features and premium comfort for long-distance driving, often used as company car for example Honda Accord, Audi A6
MPV - People carrier up to seven seats with high roof, lots of storage space/flexible seating and high driving position for enhanced visibility for example Volkswagen Touran, Renault Espace
Off-road - Off-road vehicle for country living for example Daihatsu Terios, Land Rover
Luxury - All the mod-cons, no expenses spared, gas guzzling status symbol for example BMW 7-series, Jaguar XJ series
Sports - High speed, high risk, high emission often fuel-thirsty coupes, roadsters and sport vehicles for example Lamborghini, Audi TT,
Criteria for comparison and ranking
This year we have increased the range of models from many manufacturers but crucially, have only included those new cars that meet the Euro IV Directive on emissions. In all, the guide lists over 2,500 cars and includes most model types.
In addition to the table of detailed information on each car, we have provided a ranking system designed to take account of the overall performance of the cars featured. The Car Buyers' Guide ranks the best cars in each category on the new car market today. Each car is given a points score on which the star rating is based. The methodology we have used is based on a statistical combination of the following factors:
1. power (engine capacity),
2. carbon dioxide emissions,
3. fuel consumption (urban cold cycle),
4. noise and safety (impact on pedestrians).
For the purposes of the points system each factor is statistically modified to have an average of fifty and a similar standard deviation; this is to ensure that each factor has balanced weight in the final figure.
The methodology used produces points for every model in the list. The points are relative, not absolute. A different selection of models would produce different points. However, the order would in almost all scenarios remain the same. Therefore, as the list changes over time, and the general performance improves, a model that had not improved would lose points because its relative performance had declined.
The data applies to new cars only. As cars become older their performance changes, depending on wear and tear and the level of maintenance. Older versions of the models listed will tend to give poorer results but a well-cared for and maintained older car is likely to be less polluting than a poorly maintained newer car.
The top worst cars are the worst cars overall and the list does not show the worst cars from a range of categories. Where there are two similar models, only one is shown for the purposes of the top ten.
Power (engine capacity) The relationship between the size of the engine and its power vary remarkably in the guide. Diesel engines generally produce less power for each unit of capacity (cm3) but even among the petrol engines there is a wide range of power for the same capacity.
Carbon dioxide emissions Although CO2 is not a health-damaging gas, it is the main cause of climate change and arguably the single biggest pollution threat that humankind faces today.
Fuel consumption (urban cold cycle) There are two test cycles listed in the guide. Urban cold cycle is based on a car from a cold start, that is, the measurement begins as soon as the engine starts. We use the cold start measure for the ranking because the vast majority of journeys are short and urban.
Noise In towns and rural areas alike there is an almost constant background of traffic noise. The noise category measures the noise cars make as they pass by at 50km/h. It is useful to remember that the unit of noise is logarithmic, each point increase representing a 100% increase in sound. Most rural noise is now tyre noise and manufacturers could provide much quiet tyres if we, as consumers, specified them at purchase.
Safety Euro NCAP measurements based on child and adult pedestrian safety where impacts occur at 40kph (25 mph). Pedestrian rating (old) = Test and rating procedure applied up to 31 December 2001. Pedestrian rating = More stringent test and rating procedure adopted for cars tested from 1 January 2002. Because of the changes to the pedestrian testing and rating procedure, the old pedestrian rating cannot be compared with the new pedestrian rating.
The ETA Motoring Innovation Award
Criteria for entry:
The innovation could be:
- An idea
- A demonstration of a new type of product or process
- A new product sold into or process used for the retail market
- The application of a slightly old innovation in a mainstream model or range
The award could be valid for a new:
- product offering
- technological development,
- industrial process
- logistics progress
- sales and marketing innovation
- desegregation facility or process
The project could be in any of the following areas:
Safety
Crash testing developments
Prevention through design
Implementation of safer design to reduce the likelihood impacting a pedestrian or other vulnerable road user or reducing damage after impact
Product Environment
materials used in the cabin to avoid complex fumes
Noxious gas reduction
Climate change gas reduction
Drive train development
Fuel usage development
Industrial Process
Solvent reduction
Trace metal reduction
Containment/elimination of contamination
Water saving/recycling
Logistics
Type of shipping used
Reduction of pollution produced during the shipping process
Management of parts and packaging
Sales and marketing
Environmental emphasis across marketing media
Ensuring model/customer fit (tight supply chains and no stocks)
Recycling
Dismantling/desegregation facilities
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